These organisms may perform "fecundity compensation" by having more offspring if future reproduction becomes uncertain. Repeated predation of one of these organisms with a relatively high trophic level is required for "upward incorporation" to occur. In a common life history strategy, these organisms are castrated and become part of the castrator's extended phenotype. So-called "complex life cycles" involve multiple of these organisms that are usually connected through (*) trophic transmission. These organisms are classified as "intermediate" or "definitive" depending on whether they permit for asexual or sexual reproduction. (-5[1])A strategy in which these organisms are the target of "behavior-alteration" is exemplified by Toxoplasma gondii. (-5[1])Female Anopheles mosquitoes and humans serve as these organisms for Plasmodium. For 10 points, give this term for organisms infected by parasites (10[1])■END■ (10[1])