These reactions can use N-hydroxy·methyl·amide Tscherniak–Einhorn reagents. The Crum Brown-Gibson rule predicts the position of substituents in these reactions. (-5[1])The largest negative rho values in the Hammet equation come (15[1])from this reaction. Partial rate factors are used to measure (15[1])the reactivity of inputs to these reactions. (-5[1])The formation of picric acid using one of these reactions (-5[1])is an example of (*) ipso attack. (10[2])These reactions (10[1])form (10[1]-5[1])a sigma complex called (10[1])an arenium ion (10[2])as an intermediate. (10[1])Sulfuric acid catalyzes a nitration in a commonly-taught example of these reactions that can be controlled with ortho/para directors. (10[3])A Lewis acid (-5[1])such as aluminum chloride (10[1])is used to attach an acyl or alkyl group in the Friedel–Crafts (-5[1])reaction, which is one of these reactions. (10[2]-5[1])For 10 points, name these reactions that add electron-deficient species onto benzene. ■END■ (10[4]0[4])