Israel-Stewart theory resolves the causality violating behavior predicted by this equation. For 10 points each:
[10m] Identify this prototypical parabolic PDE whose solutions are sums decaying sinusoids and which can be transformed into the Schrodinger equation via imaginary time.
ANSWER: heat equation
[10h] At infinite temperature, Israel-Stewart theory gives an upper bound on thermal propagation as c times the square root of this number. The gravitational binding energy of a uniform sphere equals the negative of this number times big G M over R squared.
ANSWER: 3/5
[10e] Dissipation in Israel-Stewart theory prevents unphysical effects predicted by a naive relativistic version of these nonlinear differential equations that describe fluid motion.
ANSWER: Navier-Stokes equations
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