One of these ions is consumed during the reaction that primes adrenodoxin for mitochondrial P450 steroid hormone synthesis. Two of these ions are donated during the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway, forming a cofactor that can repurpose these ions for fatty acid synthesis. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate (-5[2])during fermentation results in the donation of one of these ions (-5[1])to a niacin-derived cofactor for use in glycolysis. (10[1]-5[2])These ions are donated (10[1])by cofactors (10[1])like FADH2, (-5[4])NADPH, (-5[1])and (-5[1])NADH (-5[8])to induce reductions in metabolic (-5[1])pathways. (10[1])Similarly to alkyl groups, this ion can “shift” (10[1])to more highly substituted (10[1])carbon atoms (10[2]-5[1])during carbocation (10[1])rearrangements. (-5[1])For (10[1])10 points, name this reducing anion, (-5[1])which consists of a hydrogen with (10[1])a negative charge. (10[3]0[2])■END■ (10[14]0[9])