This scientist deduced that passengers in a non-accelerating ship would not be able to tell if a ship is moving or if the rest of the world is moving backward in his namesake “relativity.” For 10 points each:
[10e] Identify this Italian scientist who dropped two identically shaped balls with different masses from the tower of Pisa and found that they landed at the same time.
ANSWER: Galileo Galilei [accept either underlined part]
[10m] According to this statement, when an object falls inside a spaceship, it is impossible to tell whether it is due to the upward acceleration of the spaceship or to a gravitational field. A form of this statement states that inertial mass is equal to gravitational mass.
ANSWER: equivalence principle
[10h] This Hungarian scientist tested the weak equivalence principle using a torsion balance, which was cited by Einstein later. He names the SI unit of gravitational gradients.
ANSWER: Loránd Eötvös
<Leo Law, Physics>