Albert Hirschman repopularized a theory of "commercial republicanism" often credited to this book, which argues that "The natural effect of commerce is to lead to peace." For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this treatise also credited with inventing political sociology for discussing how geography and climate affect a society's general temperament and its form of government.
ANSWER: On the Spirit of the Laws [or answers with "Law" in place of "Laws"; or De l'espirit des lois; or De l'espirit des loix]
[10m] Montesquieu further connected the prevalence of this practice to warm climates. At the Valladolid debate, Bartolome de las Casas argued against applying Aristotle's definition of a "natural" form of this practice.
ANSWER: chattel slavery [or natural slavery; or enslavement]
[10e] Aristotle's concept of "mixed government" preceded Montesquieu's prescription of this concept in which legislative, executive, and judicial abilities are vested in different branches of government.
ANSWER: the separation of powers [prompt on checks and balances]
<Clark Smith , Philosophy - Enlightenment>