This approach’s name is prefixed by “inter-” to describe a system described by a formula equating “PE” to an “interdependence” function of several factors, which was developed by Jacob Kantor. In an attempt to put this approach on mathematical grounds, a formula equating “excitatory potential” to terms including “drive strength” was proposed by a man who theorised the “goal gradient.” Clark Hull often debated the founder of this school’s (*) “purposive” branch, namely Edward Tolman. Edward Thorndike’s “Law of Effect” inspired this (10[1])approach, a pioneer of which used classical conditioning to make a boy scared of furry objects in the (10[2])“Little Albert” experiment. For 10 points, what approach (10[1])that emphasized studying observable actions was pioneered by psychologists such as John Watson and B. F. Skinner? ■END■