This word literally means ‘mangled’ or ‘torn’ and originally referred to a list of eight defects that was later expanded. For 10 points:
[10h] Name this term, which in a strict usage is not to be conflated with nevelah but in common usage also includes a failure to perform shechita (“sheh-khee-TAH”).
ANSWER: trefa or treif (“TRAY-f”) [prompt on unkosher]
[10e] Generally the word treif simply refers to any food that is not described by this word, such as cheeseburgers or pork. Shechita refers to ritual slaughter following kashrut to make food fall under this category.
ANSWER: kosher
[10m] Among this Jewish diaspora, the consumption of kitniyot, legumes, is traditionally not permitted during Pesach, as it was prohibited after development of medieval crop rotation risked contamination with chametz.
ANSWER: Ashkenazi Judaism