The lack of a theory of heredity was a gap in Darwin’s theory of evolution. For 10 points each:
[10e] What term is used for an organism’s observable characteristics, often contrasted with its genotype?
ANSWER: phenotype
[10m] What name is given to the ability of a constant genotype to give rise to different phenotypes in a regulated manner depending on the environmental conditions? Types of this ability include acclimation and polyphenism, and a standard example is observed in the water flea Daphnia pulex.
ANSWER: phenotypic plasticity [do NOT accept or prompt on ‘scarring’]
[10h] This description, coined by Julian Huxley, is given to the combination of Darwinian evolution with Mendelian genetics in a joint mathematical framework. Opponents often argue that phenotypic plasticity is neglected by this framework.
ANSWER: the modern synthesis [accept modern evolutionary synthesis; prompt on new synthesis, evolutionary synthesis and neo-Darwinian synthesis by asking ‘What term did Julian Huxley use in the title of his 1942 book on the topic?’]