Gregory Clark posited a theory described as eugenic materialism to explain this process in his book A Farewell to Alms. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this historical process. This was the British half of Eric Hobsbawm’s dual revolution.
ANSWER: First (or British) Industrial Revolution
[10e] Robert Allen proposed that the presence of this commodity caused the Industrial Revolution. Its “sea” variety likely originated from underwater seams.
ANSWER: coal [anti-prompt on specific grades, such as anthracite; do not accept or prompt on ‘coke’]
[10h] In A Culture of Growth, Joel Mokyr explains the Industrial Revolution through the rise of the Enlightenment and this related international learned community. This community was first named by Francesco Barbaro.
ANSWER: The Republic of Letters [also accept La République des Lettres or Respublica literaria]