Along with Hugh X of Lusignan (“LOO-sin-yon”), this man was defeated by King John at the Battle of Mirebeau (“meer-BOW”). For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this grandson of Henry II of England who had been designated heir in 1190 by Richard I. In 1203, this man was incarcerated in Rouen Castle, and may have been killed by John.
ANSWER: Arthur I, Duke of Brittany [accept Arthur, Count of Anjou; prompt on Arthur of Brittany by asking “of what regnal number?”; prompt on Arthur alone]
[10m] During his war with Philip II over Normandy, John attempted to secure assistance from this pope. This pope convoked the Fourth Lateran Council and called for the Fourth Crusade.
ANSWER: Pope Innocent III [or Innocentius III; accept Lotario dei Conti di Segni or Lothar of Segni; prompt on Pope Innocent or Innocentius]
[10e] Innocent III excommunicated John in a dispute over the appointment of Stephen Langton to this position. This position had earlier been held by men such as Thomas Becket.
ANSWER: Archbishop of Canterbury