Launch windows for spacecraft heading to this planet occur roughly every 26 months. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this planet, which was visited by the Ingenuity helicopter and Perseverance rover after a launch window in July 2020.
ANSWER: Mars
[10h] Optimal launch windows for spacecraft can be identified using these diagrams, which are generated by solving Lambert’s targeting problem. They plot curves of constant characteristic energy on a graph whose axes are arrival date and launch date.
ANSWER: porkchop plots
[10m] Lambert's theorem states that, for a fixed initial and final position, the transfer time depends solely on this quantity. A term proportional to negative one over this quantity appears on the right-hand side of the vis-viva equation.
ANSWER: semi-major axis length (of the transfer orbit) [prompt on a]
<BB>