In a paper titled for this type of position, Laurence Bonjour claimed that it led to the erroneous conclusion that a clairvoyant man named Norman was epistemically justified. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this type of position exemplified in epistemology by Alvin Goldman’s “Reliabilism.” In “The Meaning of ‘Meaning’”, a thought experiment involving the substances H20 and XYZ is used to defend this type of position.
ANSWER: externalism [or semantic externalism; or epistemic externalism] (“The Meaning of ‘Meaning’” introduces the Twin Earth thought experiment.)
[10e] The debate over internalism and externalism in epistemology is due to the difficulties posed by this philosopher’s namesake “cases,” introduced in his paper “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?”
ANSWER: Edmund Gettier [or Edmund Lee Gettier III]
[10h] Alvin Goldman’s “Discrimination and Perceptual Knowledge” introduced another common Gettier problem, in which a man has a justified true belief that he sees one of these structures, not realizing that its neighbors are fake.
ANSWER: a fake barn
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