This thinker anticipated Descartes’s exploration of the ability of God to deceive people by discussing the process by which intuitive and abstract cognitions lead to (15[1])beliefs. (15[1])This (15[1])thinker built on Aristotle’s idea of a mental language to analyze (-5[1])concepts as “natural signs,” developing an early (15[1])version (15[1])of (15[3])the language (15[1])of (15[1])thought hypothesis. (-5[2])This philosopher reduced the number of categories (15[1])in his ontology from (10[1])ten down to two, (15[1])(*) substance and quality. This philosopher argued that certain entities were merely the result of thinking of several particulars (10[1])at once after abandoning his fictum-theory (10[1])of them. John Duns Scotus’s realism about universals (10[2])was disputed by (10[1])this nominalist’s (-5[1])Summa (10[1])of Logic. (10[2]-5[2])For 10 points, (10[1])the idea that “entities should not be multiplied (10[2])beyond necessity” is what (10[2])medieval philosopher’s (10[2]-5[1])namesake razor? (10[3])■END■ (10[6])