A type of these phenomena is significant only within distances on the order of the “radius of deformation.” The Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum describes the distribution of these phenomena when a system is in a state of equilibrium described as “fully developed.” A model of these phenomena sets zero equal to [read slowly] the time derivative of u plus the third spatial derivative of u plus 6 times u times the spatial derivative of u. The speed of these phenomena is given by the square root of the quantity (*) g times d under an approximation that holds depth to be much less than the horizontal scale of motion. The rotation of the Earth produces large-scale examples of these phenomena named for Kelvin and Rossby. Examples of these phenomena called solitons are sometimes identified with unusually large “rogue” ones of them. For 10 points, name these phenomena whose heights measured from crest to trough. ■END■
ANSWER: waves [accept ocean waves or water waves; accept rogue waves; accept shallow water waves; accept atmospheric waves or tropospheric waves or stratospheric waves; accept (equatorial) Kelvin waves; accept Rossby waves; accept surface waves; accept gravity waves; accept solitons until read] (The first line describes oceanic Kelvin waves. The third line is the Korteweg–de Vries equation.)
<VD, Other Science: Earth Science>
= Average correct buzz position