An early music theorist from this family did research with weights on strings to find the ratio of intervals to the lengths of the string, which Marin Mersenne later developed into a mathematical law. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this family of Italian early Baroque composers. The Gagliarda movement of Respighi’s Ancient Airs and Dances was based on a piece by a musician from this family, Vincenzo.
ANSWER: Galilei [accept Vincenzo Galilei; accept Michelagnolo Galilei] (Vincenzo and Michelagnolo were the father and brother of Galileo Galilei, respectively.)
[10e] Both Vincenzo and Michelagnolo Galilei were players of this instrument, for which Michelagnolo wrote Il primo libro d’intavolatura. John Dowland wrote many pieces for this round-backed plucked string instrument.
ANSWER: lute
[10m] Vincenzo Galilei wrote a lute piece titled for this adjective that anticipated a later work with a similar title. A prelude that begins with a measure of arpeggiated C major chords opens that later work titled for this adjective.
ANSWER: well-tempered [accept The Well-Tempered Lute; accept The Well-Tempered Clavier or Das Wohltemperierte Klavier]
<JF, Auditory Fine Arts>