The eyes are the windows to the soul, and to pathologies of the nervous system. For 10 points each:
[10e] Description acceptable. Visual deficits of this nature localize lesions to the central rather than peripheral nervous system, since they need to occur at or above the optic chiasm. Depth perception is facilitated by this trait, which combines separate fields of view.
ANSWER: binocularity [accept answers that indicate the involvement of both eyes]
[10h] An eye directed “down and out” with a dilated pupil can indicate the compression of the oculomotor nerve by one of these abnormalities in the posterior communicating artery. Berry names a type of these abnormalities that typically occurs within the circle of Willis.
ANSWER: aneurysm [accept Berry aneurysm]
[10m] Lesions to the MLF in this disease cause an INO, where one eye cannot turn outwards. This disease, which less commonly affects both eyes than NMO or MOGAD (“mo-gad”), is characterized by lesions separated in time and space.
ANSWER: multiple sclerosis [or MS] (The MLF is the medial longitudinal fasciculus. An INO is internuclear ophthalmoplegia.)
<AY, Biology>