Book V, or “Delta,” of Aristotle’s Metaphysics fittingly opens with a definition for “beginning,” followed by a definition for this word. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this word that is given four different definitions in that section for its “material,” “formal,” “efficient,” and “final” types.
ANSWER: causes [or aitia; or aition; accept material cause or formal cause or efficient cause or final cause]
[10m] After giving his definitions of “element” and “nature,” Aristotle cites this author’s claim that “Nothing that is has a nature.” This thinker, who allegedly jumped into a volcano, initially theorized the classical elements as four “roots” and believed that love was a uniting force opposed by strife.
ANSWER: Empedocles of Acragas
[10h] The sixth definition in Book Delta defines this word recursively as “that which is [this word] by accident,” and “that which is [this word] by its own nature.” The Great Chain of Being emanates from a principle with this name in Neoplatonism.
ANSWER: one [or the One; accept hen]
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