Question
This law can be derived by using the equipartition theorem to determine the number of half-wave cycles that can fit within an arbitrary volume. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this law that predicts a radio spectral index of 2 in the long-wavelength regime. This law can be used to approximate the brightness temperature as inversely proportional to the square of frequency.
ANSWER: Rayleigh–Jeans law
[10e] The “ultraviolet catastrophe” predicted by the Rayleigh–Jeans law was fixed by this law of blackbody radiation that also demonstrated that the energy emitted by a blackbody is quantized.
ANSWER: Planck’s law
[10m] The Rayleigh–Jeans law holds when the energy quantum is smaller than this expression. The equipartition theorem states that each degree of freedom contributes one-half of this expression.
ANSWER: kT [or k-sub-B T; or k times T; or k-sub-B times T; or the product of Boltzmann’s constant and temperature; accept one over thermodynamic beta; accept inverse of thermodynamic beta; reject “thermodynamic beta”]
<Maryland A, Physics>
Summary
| California | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 67% | 33% | 33% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 4.00 | 40% | 0% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 5.00 | 33% | 17% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 15.00 | 50% | 50% | 50% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 10.00 | 67% | 33% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 16.00 | 80% | 60% | 20% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 50% | 0% | 50% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 4 | 10.00 | 50% | 25% | 25% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | Y | 10 | 15.00 | 70% | 60% | 20% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 8 | 10.00 | 50% | 38% | 13% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 3.33 | 33% | 0% | 0% |
Data
| Cambridge A | Oxford B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Cambridge E | Cambridge C | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Cambridge B | Cambridge D | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Durham | Imperial A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| LSE | Imperial B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Warwick A | Manchester | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Oxford A | Warwick B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Oxford C | Southampton A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Bristol | Sheffield | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| NYU C | Southampton B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |