Question
This thinker’s application of autopoiesis, or self-creation, to his systems theory was controversial for its alleged abuse of scientific terminology. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this author of Theory of Society. This German author developed a sociologically oriented systems theory that analyzes the role of, and disturbances in, communication in social organizations.
ANSWER: Niklas Luhmann (“LOO-mahn”)
[10m] Luhmann’s systems theory was influenced by this transdisciplinary field led by Norbert Wiener and Gregory Bateson. This field studies feedback systems where outputs also serve as inputs.
ANSWER: cybernetics
[10e] Luhmann wrote a “sociological theory” of this concept in an analysis of unexpected situations. In economics, people fearful of uncertain outcomes have an “aversion” to this concept.
ANSWER: risk [prompt on volatility or beta]
<Arizona State, Social Science>
Summary
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 11.67 | 100% | 17% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 67% | 0% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 12.00 | 100% | 20% | 0% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 4 | 12.50 | 100% | 25% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | Y | 10 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 8 | 10.00 | 88% | 13% | 0% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Data
| Oxford A | Bristol | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Manchester | Cambridge A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Southampton A | Cambridge B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Southampton B | Cambridge C | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Warwick B | Cambridge D | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Cambridge E | Warwick A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Durham | NYU C | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Oxford C | Imperial B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Imperial A | Oxford B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| LSE | Sheffield | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |