Question
The molecular weight of a polymer is related to this quantity and its theoretical maximum according to the Flory–Fox equation. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this quantity that is indicated by a change in the rate of thermal expansion in dilatometry. This temperature is indicated by a point on a graph’s x-axis where a steep slope in heat capacity begins.
ANSWER: glass-transition temperature [prompt on T-sub-g]
[10h] A paradox named for this scientist states that extrapolating the heat capacity of supercooled liquids below the glass-transition temperature results in a crystal–liquid entropy difference of zero. This scientist also discovered the hydrophobic effect.
ANSWER: Walter Kauzmann [or Walter J. Kauzmann; accept Kauzmann’s paradox]
[10e] Kauzmann’s solution to his own paradox is that liquids undergo this action before the Kauzmann temperature. This process is usually induced by adding a nucleation seed and results in materials with long-range order.
ANSWER: crystallization [accept recrystallization]
<Toronto B, Chemistry>
Summary
| California | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 6.67 | 33% | 33% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 11.67 | 100% | 0% | 17% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 6.67 | 67% | 0% | 0% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 50% | 50% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 1 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 7 | 11.43 | 71% | 43% | 0% |