In this field of law, the “People” case established the doctrine of “legal impossibility,” distinct from “factual impossibility.” A namesake “conversation” in this field of law is similar to a breach of promise but has been abolished by over half of US states. “Mistakes of fact” in this field of law (10[1])are distinct from “mistakes of law,” which are often excluded for violating ignorantia juris (10[1])non excusat. This field of law divides its central subject into mala in se and mala prohibita types. Jurisdictions place value on this field of law’s objectives of retribution, (10[1])deterrence, and restoration. (10[1])In this field of law, the external element is sometimes equated to the actus reus, which is often required as proof alongside the mens rea. For (10[1])10 points, what field of law concerns personal offenses like battery and assault? ■END■