Kemeny and Oppenheim’s “indirect” view of this process was one of many classified by Kenneth Schaffner. Explanation and this process conflict with empiricism according to a paper that coined the term “incommensurable” by Paul Feyerabend. (-5[2])Ernest Nagel’s model of this process (-5[1])uses “bridge laws” to link scientific theories. (-5[1])An “ism” named for this process is divided into “good” and “greedy” versions in Darwin’s Dangerous Idea and follows the analytic-synthetic distinction as the second of Quine’s “Two Dogmas of Empiricism.” This word denotes the process of explaining a complex phenomenon via a more fundamental one, which is often used in a negative sense to imply oversimplification. For 10 points, (10[1])a logical fallacy is named for doing what process “to absurdity,” or ad absurdum? ■END■ (10[3]0[1])