Question
The B2FH paper supported Fred Hoyle’s hypothesis that all elements heavier than this element were not formed through BBN. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this element that is proposed to sink beneath a star’s atmosphere over time, thus increasing the rate of turbulent mixing. This element is the heaviest whose distribution is depicted on the Schramm plot.
ANSWER: lithium [or Li; accept lithium-7 or Li-7]
[10e] The brown type of these stars can be identified via the relative abundance of lithium. The white type of these low-mass stars forms after sun-like stars run out of fuel.
ANSWER: dwarf stars [accept brown dwarfs or white dwarfs]
[10m] A major source of lithium is the “classical” type of these phenomena, which are about 1,000 times brighter than their “recurrent” type. The “dwarf” type of these phenomena necessarily occurs [emphasize] below the Chandrasekhar limit.
ANSWER: novae [or novas; accept classical novae or recurrent novae or dwarf novae; reject “supernova” or “kilonova”]
<UW A, Other Science>
Summary
| California | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 0% | 33% |
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 3.33 | 33% | 0% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 15.00 | 100% | 33% | 17% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 15.00 | 100% | 33% | 17% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 15.00 | 100% | 33% | 17% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 67% | 0% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 12.00 | 100% | 20% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 18.00 | 100% | 60% | 20% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | Y | 10 | 12.00 | 100% | 10% | 10% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 7 | 14.29 | 100% | 29% | 14% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
Data
| William & Mary | Liberty A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Virginia Tech A | Liberty C | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| UNC B | Duke | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| UNC D | South Carolina | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Virginia A | Liberty B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Wake Forest | UNC C | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |