For non-adhesive materials in contact, this quantity can be calculated using Hertzian theory. Averaging the Navier–Stokes equations gives a term representing one type of this quantity that is proportional to the averaged fluctuating velocity correlation and named for Reynolds. (-5[2])A cylinder plotted in the space of principal coordinates of this quantity gives the maximum allowed value for the deviatoric type of this quantity before yielding according to the von Mises criterion. (10[1]-5[1])Off-diagonal elements of a tensor (10[1])for this quantity named for Cauchy represent this quantity’s “shear” form. In uniaxial cases, this quantity is given by force over cross-sectional area. For 10 points, name this quantity that measures the forces causing deformation and is often plotted against (10[1])strain. ■END■ (10[3])