Light-induced excited spin-state trapping is used to change energies between sets of these entities via spin crossover. Exchange energy is plotted against interatomic distance normalized to the size of one of these entities in Bethe–Slater curves. Unlike MLCT and LCMT bands, transitions between these entities are weak because they are Laporte forbidden. These entities expand in the nephelauxetic (“NEFF-uh-lox-ET-ic”) effect upon a decrease in the Racah B parameter. The Jahn–Teller effect (-5[1])describes (10[1])degeneracy (10[1])breaking among the e-sub-g and t-sub-2g sets (10[1])of these entities (10[1])obtained from crystal field theory. (-5[1])A torus around two lobes characterizes (-5[1])the z-squared (-5[1])type of these entities. (-5[2])For 10 points, name these entities, partially filled (0[1]-5[1])in transition metals, whose energies lie between their p and f counterparts. (10[3])■END■ (10[3]0[1])