odds - South Central - Buzzpoints App

Question

A ratio of these quantities can be directly computed, while relative risk can only be indirectly inferred from a case-control study. For 10 points each:

[10m] Name this measure of exposure–outcome association that, for a 2-by-2 contingency table, equals a times d over b times c. The log of this ratio is the dependent variable of logistic regression.

ANSWER: odds [or odds ratio; accept OR; prompt on p/(1 − p)]

[10e] Odds ratios are subject to the selection form of this phenomenon, since the selected sample does not accurately represent the population of interest.

ANSWER: bias [accept selection bias]

[10h] For a case-cohort study, relative risk approximately equals the odds ratio under this epidemiological assumption first identified by Jerome Cornfield. This assumption is unnecessary when performing “incidence-density” sampling.

ANSWER: the rare disease assumption [accept answers referring to the prevalence or incidence or probability of having the disease or outcome or condition being small; accept answers specifying that both a and c are small or negligible]

<GC, Other Science>

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Summary


California (North)	Main Site	Y	3	6.67	67%	0%	0%
California (South)	Main Site	Y	4	10.00	100%	0%	0%
Canada	Main Site	Y	10	12.00	100%	20%	0%
Florida	Main Site	Y	3	13.33	100%	33%	0%
Great Lakes	Main Site	Y	5	10.00	100%	0%	0%
Lower Mid-Atlantic	Main Site	Y	7	10.00	100%	0%	0%
Midwest	Main Site	Y	8	10.00	100%	0%	0%
Northeast	Main Site	Y	5	14.00	100%	40%	0%
Overflow	Main Site	Y	4	10.00	100%	0%	0%
South Central	Main Site	Y	2	10.00	100%	0%	0%
Southeast	Main Site	Y	7	11.43	100%	14%	0%
UK	Main Site	Y	12	10.83	100%	8%	0%
Upstate NY	Main Site	Y	3	13.33	100%	33%	0%

Data


Texas A	Texas A&M A	0	10	0	10
Texas B	Murray State A	0	10	0	10