The dynamics of three of these phenomena in a Sod tube are simulated in a standard benchmark for CFD simulations. The formation of a localized one of these phenomena violated ergodicity and prevented thermalization in the FPUT experiment. The intersection of characteristics generates a discontinuity representing one of these phenomena in the inviscid Burgers’ equation. A third spatial derivative term causes one of these phenomena to undergo nonlinear dispersion in the Korteweg–de Vries equation. A class of (10[1])these phenomena (10[1])that maintain their shape during propagation are called solitons. These phenomena may undergo steepening when their crests move faster than their troughs. (10[1])For 10 points, name these oscillatory disturbances that transfer energy through a medium. ■END■