These constructs are called higher-order if they can take these constructs as an input or output. For 10 points each:
[10e] Identify these constructs that are called “pure” if their evaluation lacks side effects. These callable blocks of code may return a value.
ANSWER: functions [or methods; or procedures; or subroutines]
[10h] Christopher Strachey proposed that programming languages should treat functions as one of these things. This two-word phrase refers to objects that can be passed into functions, output by a function, tested for equality, or assigned to a variable.
ANSWER: first-class citizens [or first-class functions; or first-class objects]
[10m] A mainstay of functional programming is this higher-order function that takes in a function and a list and applies that function to the list’s entries. An analog of this function is combined with “reduce” in a parallelized big data method.
ANSWER: map [accept MapReduce]
<GC, Other Science>