A motif in Jill Lepore’s book We the People likens the drafting of the Constitution to Joseph Pope’s creation of one of these objects. For 10 points each:
[10h] Identify these mechanical models that are named for the earl Charles Boyle. A philosopher lectures on one of these objects in a candlelit painting by Joseph Wright of Derby.
ANSWER: orreries (“OR-uh-reez”) [or orrery] (Charles Boyle was the 4th Earl of Orrery.)
[10m] Orreries, which are models of the Solar System, were often made by people of this profession like Thomas Tompion and George Graham. William Paley’s book Natural Theology introduced an analogy about this profession.
ANSWER: watchmaker [or clockmaker; accept equivalents about a person who makes clocks or watches or timepieces; prompt on craftsmen]
[10e] Benjamin Martin and John Rowley’s early orreries drew on this book by Isaac Newton. This book’s Latin title inspired the title of a later work on the foundations of mathematics by Russell and Whitehead.
ANSWER: Principia [or Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica; or Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy; accept Principia Mathematica]
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