Konrad Lorenz likened the “vacuum activity” type of these phenomena to a hydraulic container with an outlet at the top and rising water levels to increasing motivation. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these innate and highly stereotyped phenomena known by a three-word acronym. Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen observed these phenomena in geese that continued to retrieve eggs even after their removal.
ANSWER: fixed action patterns [or FAPs; accept modal action patterns or MAPs; prompt on instincts or instinctual behaviors; prompt on imprinting or imprinted behaviors]
[10h] Intense selection pressure can result in exaggerated stimuli denoted by this term. Tinbergen coined this term after observing herring gulls preferred to peck a red stick with yellow markings over a model of an actual bird head.
ANSWER: supernormal stimuli [prompt on superstimuli]
[10e] Other animals often “code-break” fixed action patterns by generating a decoy supernormal stimulus in this type of interaction. Cuckoos lay their own eggs in reed warbler nests in the “brood” form of this interaction.
ANSWER: parasitism [or parasitic behavior or parasites; accept brood parasitism or brood parasitic behavior or brood parasites; prompt on symbiosis or symbiotic behavior]
<AL, Biology>