The recent FO variant of classic controller design includes an order parameter that changes the control effect of this operation. Lord Kelvin’s brother James Thomson invented a mechanical component with a constantly spinning disk and a ball which accomplishes this operation in mechanical computers. One control effect (15[1])can be found using this operation applied to the (*) past values of the setpoint minus process variable error. This operation can be accomplished by an op-amp circuit which feeds its voltage output back to its input (10[1])through a feedback capacitor. This is the common operation (10[1])applied to the exponential kernel that changes analysis of a circuit between the frequency and time domains (-5[1])in the Laplace (-5[2])and Fourier transforms. For 10 points, name this operation which for PID controllers is represented by the I (10[1])and is the opposite of differentiation. (10[1])■END■ (10[3])