In this alternative to harmonic grammar, a generator comes up with a list of possible candidates, which are then chosen by an evaluator, as depicted in a tableau. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this phonological theory, invented by Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky and named for preferring forms that violate the fewest constraints. In this theory, all languages have different orderings of the same constraints.
ANSWER: optimality theory [or OT]
[10h] Optimality theory divides constraints into ones named for faithfulness and this linguistic property. The Prague School argued that each phonological feature had a value with this property and one without it.
ANSWER: markedness [or marked; accept unmarked]
[10e] In optimality theory, the constraint that all phonemes must be part of one of these larger units is always inviolable. Words can be broken down into these basic units, which are typically centered around a single vowel.
ANSWER: syllables
<Benjamin McAvoy-Bickford, Social Science>