In 2016, Avelino et. al. developed an algorithm for estimating this quantity that involves a degree-of-authorship formula. For 10 points each:
[10h] Give this quantity, whose name derives from a Michael McLay post about Guido van Rossum (“KEE-doe von RAW-suhm”). This quantity equals the minimum number of team members that can drop out before a project stalls due to lack of knowledge.
ANSWER: bus factor [or truck factor; or lottery factor; or circus factor] (McLay asked what would happen to Python if van Rossum were hit by a bus.)
[10e] Avelino et. al. applied their algorithm to calculate bus factors for 133 projects on this online platform for sharing code, which uses a namesake version control software.
ANSWER: GitHub [reject “Git”]
[10m] In 2010, Zazworka et. al. used bus factors to analyze conformity to this method of software development, whose subtypes include extreme programming. This method emphasizes fast iteration to create “working software.”
ANSWER: agile [or agile programming; or agile development]
<Steven Yuan, Other Academic>