Jim Berkland studied the correlation between these events and lost pet ads in the Mercury News. A team from the University of Athens developed the controversial VAN method that uses SES to predict these events, which is done via “TIPs” in Vladimir Keilis-Borok’s M8 algorithm. Historically, the dilatancy-diffusion theory and Vp/Vs ratio were used to detect these events. A claim of one of these events at (*) Parkfield prompted the construction of a monitoring (10[1])network. (-5[1])Spreading unscientific theories about one of these events led to the failed manslaughter trial of Guido Bertolaso after one of these events at L’Aquila. Animals may be able to react to these events by detecting P waves (10[1])that arrive shortly before the S waves. For 10 points, name these events studied by seismologists. (10[1])■END■