In the international standard atmosphere, this quantity is set at six-and-a-half degrees Celsius per kilometer in the troposphere, and zero at higher altitudes. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this quantity denoted by capital gamma, the rate of change of temperature with decreasing altitude.
ANSWER: lapse rate [accept temperature lapse rate or environmental lapse rate or adiabatic lapse rate; prompt on ELR]
[10e] The adiabatic lapse rate describes the change of temperature in parcels of air as they undergo this form of heat transfer, which occurs as warm air rises and cool air sinks.
ANSWER: convection [accept word forms like convecting]
[10h] Convective instability can occur when the environmental lapse rate is between the lapse rates named for these two conditions. The difference between the adiabatic lapse rate in these two conditions causes foehn (“fun”) winds.
ANSWER: dry AND moist [accept saturated in place of “moist”; reject other synonyms]
<Jeremy Cummings, Other Science>