A form of this quantity can be estimated by applying a least-squares linear regression of midparent and midoffspring values. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this ratio quantity that, in one definition, is influenced by a gene’s additive effects. In one formulation, multiplying a form of this quantity by selection differential equals response to selection.
ANSWER: heritability [accept narrow-sense heritability or h-squared; reject “inheritance” or “heredity” or “inheritability”] (The referenced formulation is the breeder’s equation.)
[10m] When calculating narrow-sense heritability, genetic variation is split into an “additive” form and an interactive form named for this term. Mutations named for this term and “negative” express gene products that interfere with wild-type proteins.
ANSWER: dominance [or dominant; accept dominance genetic variation; accept dominant-negative mutations]
[10e] Heritability can be dubiously examined by measuring trait variation between dizygotic and monozygotic kinds of these siblings.
ANSWER: twins [accept monozygotic twins or identical twins; accept dizygotic twins or fraternal twins; prompt on children; prompt on brothers or sisters]
<Kane Nguyen, Biology>