Jeffrey Mass pairs this institution “and Bakufu in Japan” in an essay collection. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these institutions. A namesake conflict between a “Northern” one of these institutions of “pretender” emperors in Kyoto and a “Southern” one led by Emperor Go-Daigo weakened the Ashikaga shogunate.
ANSWER: Imperial courts [or chōtei; accept Northern court or Hokuchō or Southern court or Nanchō or Northern and Southern courts period or Nanbuko-chō]
[10h] The decentralization of the Ashikaga government also resulted from the power of these two classes of local lords established by the Kamakura. One of these classes were absentee governors, while the other were local administrators. Name either original-language term.
ANSWER: shugo or jitō [prompt on constable or steward; reject “jitōdai”]
[10e] The first Ashikaga shogun, Takauji, held this family name. The Ashikaga were descendants of this clan, whose leader Yoritomo founded the Kamakura Shogunate after defeating the Taira clan.
ANSWER: Minamoto clan
<Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt, World History>