Computation of these objects can be accelerated by applying a graph coloring algorithm to find directions without perturbation confusion. Whether this object comes first or second in a vector product determines whether AD is forward-mode or reverse-mode. Implicit solvers may (15[1])avoid recomputing this object at each step by using (15[1])Newton-Krylov methods that are [this object]-free. (15[1]-5[2])This object is iteratively approximated when rootfinding using Broyden’s (-5[1])method. The (*) stiffness of a system of ODEs (-5[1])is given by the condition number of this object, whose eigenvalues determine the stability of the system's steady states. (-5[1])The determinant of this object is inserted into an integral when changing coordinates, such (10[1])as (10[1])from Cartesian (10[1])to polar. (10[1])For 10 points, name this matrix whose entries (10[1])are a function’s first-order partial derivatives. ■END■ (10[2]0[1])