Virtuosi of this instrument tend to avoid using the modern invention of ji paste, which homogenizes its inner surface. Western classical music influenced a system of notation developed by a player of this instrument who composed Iwashimizu, Nakao Tozan. 36 unaccompanied honkyoku for this instrument were codified in the 18th century by the Kinko school. (15[1])Players of this instrument tilt their head to produce notes called meri and kari from outside its natural (15[1])(*) D minor pentatonic scale. Toru Takemitsu’s (-5[1])November Steps (10[1])features (10[1])the biwa (-5[1])and this instrument, (10[1]-5[1])which is named for being 1.8 traditional units long. This instrument, which developed from the xiāo (“sh’YOW”), is played by basket-wearing (10[1])monks from the Fuke sect of Zen Buddhism. For 10 points, name this longitudinal, end-blown bamboo (10[1]-5[1])flute from Japan. ■END■ (10[1]0[2])