The Southern Ocean overturning circulation moves water between the Circumpolar Deep Water and this water mass. For 10 points each:
[10m] What water mass is the densest ocean mass, due to its cold temperature and high salinity?
ANSWER: Antarctic Bottom Water [or AABW]
[10h] The high salinity of the Antarctic Bottom Water is primarily due to this process, by which salts are pushed out of freezing water due to lack of space in the crystal structure of ice, and thus make the top of the ocean salty.
ANSWER: brine rejection
[10e] The AABW has many polynyas, areas of liquid water surrounded by sea ice, that were formed by this phenomenon. Ekman transport describes the movement of ocean water due to the friction generated by this phenomenon.
ANSWER: winds [accept katabatic winds; accept wind currents]
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