Dissociation of disclinations are used to model these phenomena in KTHNY theory. Above the upper critical dimension, these phenomena belong to the same universality class predicted by mean-field theory. An argument using the favorability of spontaneously forming domain walls was used by Rudolph Peierls (“PIE-erls”) to prove one of these phenomena exists in two dimensions or higher for a certain lattice model. (10[1])Landau theory classifies these phenomena into first- or second-order based on whether the change in their order parameter is discontinuous. These phenomena include the shift between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic ordering at the Curie point. On pressure–temperature diagrams, these events are represented by crossing (10[1])a coexistence curve. (10[1])For 10 points, name these phenomena in which a material changes between different states of matter. (10[1])■END■ (10[2])