This man suggested that improbable theories are more scientifically valuable, since they are more informative and thus more testable. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this thinker who proposed solving the demarcation problem by treating falsifiability as the feature distinguishing scientific theories from pseudoscientific ones in The Logic of Scientific Discovery.
ANSWER: Karl Popper [or Sir Karl Raimund Popper]
[10h] In Conjectures and Refutations, Popper derived a formula for ascribing this property to a theory. This idea’s namesake philosophical problem concerns how to evaluate the degree to which a false proposition is false.
ANSWER: verisimilitude [or truthlikeness; reject “truth”]
[10e] Popper claimed that Hume’s problem of this process, which draws general conclusions from past experiences, was unsolvable because science is instead based on deductive reasoning rather than this kind of reasoning.
ANSWER: inductive reasoning [or induction]
<Toronto A, Philosophy>