A motor-like enzyme that synthesizes this molecule is powered by the proton gradient generated through the electron transport chain. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this molecule. This molecule undergoes repeated enzymatic hydrolysis to release energy and an inorganic ion.
ANSWER: ATP [or adenosine triphosphate] (The enzyme in the lead-in is ATP synthase.)
[10e] The “aerobic” form of this process drives the production of ATP with a theoretical maximum rate of 38 ATP per glucose molecule. Steps of this process include glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
ANSWER: cellular respiration [or aerobic respiration]
[10h] Description acceptable. ATP production from respiration may be lower in brown adipose tissue due to a “non-shivering” type of this phenomenon, which is caused by an uncoupling protein collapsing the proton gradient.
ANSWER: thermogenesis [accept non-shivering thermogenesis; accept descriptions of heat generation; prompt on thermoregulation or descriptions of temperature regulation] (The uncoupling protein is UCP1, or thermogenin.)
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