The rate of one process in these devices equals mass density times particle number times the Einstein B coefficient. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these devices that use pumping to achieve population inversion in a gain medium. These devices create a coherent, collimated, monochromatic beam of light using stimulated emission.
ANSWER: lasers
[10h] The Gaussian intensity profile of lasers allows them to be used in these devices. These devices use local gradients in the electric field to trap and manipulate individual atoms.
ANSWER: optical tweezers
[10m] Cornell and Wieman used laser cooling to create this state. This state is made of particles with integer spin, almost all of which occupy the ground state.
ANSWER: Bose–Einstein condensates [or BECs]
<Claremont A, Physics>