specific heat - UK (North)

Question

Einstein’s model of this quantity was derived by treating each atom in a solid as three quantum harmonic oscillators. For 10 points each:

[10e] What quantity, denoted c, equals the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius?

ANSWER: specific heat [or specific heat capacity; reject “heat”]

[10h] Einstein’s model first calculates the multiplicity of a solid using binomial coefficients, then uses this ubiquitous approximation in statistical mechanics to simplify the logarithm of a factorial.

ANSWER: Stirling’s approximation

[10m] Debye’s (“duh-BYE’s”) model of heat capacity, which is more accurate at low temperatures, assumes energy is carried by these quasiparticles. These quasiparticles represent vibrations in a solid and can be “acoustic” or “optical.”

ANSWER: phonons [accept acoustic or optical phonons]

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Summary


Southern California	Main	Y	3	30.00	100%	100%	100%
Eastern Canada (1)	Main	Y	3	13.33	67%	67%	0%
Great Lakes	Main	Y	6	16.67	67%	67%	33%
Lower Mid-Atlantic	Main	Y	5	14.00	100%	40%	0%
Upper Mid-Atlantic	Main	Y	6	15.00	67%	67%	17%
Midwest	Main	Y	7	14.29	71%	57%	14%
North	Main	Y	4	17.50	100%	50%	25%
Northeast	Main	Y	1	0.00	0%	0%	0%
Pacific	Main	Y	4	10.00	75%	25%	0%
South Central	Main	Y	4	10.00	75%	25%	0%
Southeast	Main	Y	6	13.33	67%	50%	17%
UK (North)	UK	Y	2	10.00	100%	0%	0%
UK (South)	UK	Y	1	10.00	100%	0%	0%
Upstate NY	Main	Y	1	0.00	0%	0%	0%

Data


Durham D	Durham B	10	0	0	10
York	Edinburgh A	10	0	0	10