The second adiabatic invariant equals one over two pi times this operation applied to momentum. For 10 points each:
[10h] Propagators are central to a formulation of quantum mechanics named for what operation, which generalizes the principle of least action and was formalized by Richard Feynman?
ANSWER: path integral [or line integral; accept the integral around a closed loop; accept contour integral; prompt on integral or integral with respect to space or integral with respect to position]
[10e] The second adiabatic invariant is quantized in the so-called “old quantum theory” named for Arnold Sommerfeld and this Danish physicist who modeled atoms as electrons orbiting a nucleus.
ANSWER: Niels Bohr
[10m] In the path integral formulation, one finds a process’s amplitude of this quantity by integrating over possible paths. The squared modulus of the wavefunction equals the density of this quantity by Born’s rule.
ANSWER: probability [accept probability amplitude; accept probability density]
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