This person was removed from power in July 1794 and executed without a trial, beginning a period known as the Thermidorian Reaction. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this statesman, whose radical Jacobin policies made him an architect of the Reign of Terror. This person was a member of the Committee of Public Safety from 1793 onwards.
ANSWER: Maximilien Robespierre
[10e] Name these people who, during the early modern period, were often burned at the stake due to the popular belief that they communed with demons.
ANSWER: witches [accept sorcerers; accept reasonable synonyms for people using magic]
[10e] Robespierre was a prominent figure in the First Republic, created after this event. This event is often said to have begun with the storming of the Bastille (“bas-TEE”) in Paris in 1789.
ANSWER: French Revolution
[10m] This 17th-century conflict saw high rates of witch-hunting in the Holy Roman Empire. This conflict was sparked when two Catholic regents and their secretary were injured by defenestration in Prague.
ANSWER: Thirty Years’ War
[10h] Madame de Staël argued that Robespierre’s attempt to establish this religion damaged his credibility. This deistic religion was a rival of the Cult of Reason, which was itself intended to replace Catholicism.
ANSWER: Cult of the Supreme Being [or Culte de l’Être suprême]
[10h] Despite theologians’ condemnation, the approval of a pope with this name helped Malleus Maleficarum to gain traction. The third pope with this name ruled at the start of the 13th century and organised the Fourth Crusade.
ANSWER: Innocent [accept Innocent VIII or Innocent III]
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