transition states - Southern California

Question

These chemical states exist at saddle points on potential energy surfaces. For 10 points each:

[10m] The activation energy of a reaction equals the difference in Gibbs free energy between the reactants and what states?

ANSWER: transition states [prompt on activated complexes; reject “intermediates”]

[10e] Transition state theory assumes a “quasi-” form of this condition between the reactants and the transition state. This condition occurs when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate, so there is no overall change.

ANSWER: chemical equilibrium [accept quasi-equilibrium; prompt on steady state]

[10h] The lifetime of a transition state is on the femtosecond time-scale of this phenomenon, which has 3N minus 6 possible modes in nonlinear molecules with N atoms.

ANSWER: vibrations [accept vibrational modes; accept molecular vibrations; accept word forms like vibrating]

<Editors, Chemistry>

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Summary


Northern California	Main	Y	4	20.00	100%	25%	75%
Southern California	Main	Y	7	18.57	100%	43%	43%
Eastern Canada (1)	Main	Y	5	14.00	100%	0%	40%
Eastern Canada (2)	Main	Y	9	14.44	100%	11%	33%
Florida	Main	Y	4	12.50	100%	25%	0%
Great Lakes	Main	Y	12	13.33	100%	25%	8%
Lower Mid-Atlantic	Main	Y	9	11.11	89%	22%	0%
Upper Mid-Atlantic	Main	Y	2	20.00	100%	0%	100%
Midwest	Main	Y	9	12.22	67%	33%	22%
North	Main	Y	4	12.50	100%	25%	0%
Northeast	Main	Y	10	12.00	100%	10%	10%
Pacific	Main	Y	8	12.50	100%	0%	25%
South Central	Main	Y	7	10.00	100%	0%	0%
Southeast	Main	Y	13	12.31	92%	23%	8%
UK (North)	UK	Y	5	10.00	100%	0%	0%
UK (South)	UK	Y	8	16.25	100%	38%	25%
Upstate NY	Main	Y	5	10.00	100%	0%	0%

Data


Claremont A	Claremont B	0	10	10	20
UCSD A	UC Santa Barbara	0	10	10	20
UCLA A	USC A	10	10	0	20
UCLA B	UCLA D	10	10	10	30
UCSD B	UCLA C	0	10	0	10
UCLA E	USC B	0	10	0	10
UC Irvine	UCLA F	10	10	0	20