A 2024 paper by Nguyen (“ng’WIN”) et al. uses a dynamic extreme value model to calculate risk regarding these structures. Calculating the elliptical pressure source of these objects is the goal of the Mogi-Yamakawa model. Turcotte et al. proposed a mathematical model that derived a value of 300 meters per second, consistent with events involving these structures. For the past 132 million years, only forty events involving these structures have reached the uppermost level of (*) Ultra-Plinian status, achieved (10[1])when the VEI score exceeds eight. That scale calculates the strength of events involving these structures using the volume of tephra ejected. (10[1])The low-profile form of these structures is called their “shield” variant. For 10 points, name these geological structures that eject ash and lava. ■END■